ABSTRACT
The pandemic has brought about social changes, which may have affected mental health.The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of and associations between anxiety, depression, and stress among Peruvian university students during the covid-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: This was an analytical, multi-centered, cross-sectional study conducted with 2,572 university students from 16 Peruvian cities. Depression, anxiety, and stress diagnoses were obtained with the dass-21 scale (stress alpha: 0.85; anx-iety alpha: 0.84; and depression alpha: 0.87). The values were crossed with significant social and educational variables. Results: Anxiety was the most common condition (extremely severe in 4 %, severe in 3 %, and mod-erate in 10 %). Whereas stress and depression were not associated with the course of studies (p > 0.330 and p > 0.440, respectively), anxiety was lower among students pursuing health-related degrees (p = 0.011). Women showed higher levels of stress (p = 0.040) and anxiety (p = 0.017). Older participants had relatively lower stress (p = 0.002), depression (p = 0.006), and anxiety (p = 0.044) levels. Third-year students had higher depression levels than first-year students (p = 0.011). Conclusions: Significant prevalence levels and associations were identified for the three conditions, which should be monitored to determine their current status, given the possible future occurrence of panic attacks or post-traumatic stress, among other complications.
la pandemia vivida obligó a cambios sociales que pudieron influir en la salud mental. El objetivo fue determinar la prevalencia y asociaciones de ansiedad, depresión y estrés en estudiantes universitarios peruanos durante la pandemia por covid-19. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal analítico y multicéntrico, en 2572 estudiantes universitarios de 16 ciudades de Perú. Los diagnósticos de depresión, ansiedad y estrés se obtuvieron con la escala dass-21 (alfa estrés: 0.85; alfa ansiedad: 0.84 y alfa depresión: 0.87). A estos se los cruzó con importantes variables socioeducativas. Resultados: la ansiedad fue la patología más frecuente (4 % de forma extrema severa, 3 % de forma severa y 10 % de forma mode-rada); el estrés y la depresión no tienen asociación con la carrera profesional (p > 0.330 y p > 0.440, res-pectivamente); en cambio, la ansiedad fue menor en los estudiantes de carreras de salud (p = 0.011). Las mujeres tuvieron más estrés (p = 0.040) y ansiedad (p = 0.017). A mayor edad, hubo menos estrés (p = 0.002), depresión (p = 0.006) y ansiedad (p = 0.044). Los de tercer año tuvieron más depresión en comparación con los de primer año (p = 0.011). Conclusiones: existen importantes prevalencias y asociaciones de las tres patologías evaluadas, lo que debe ser monitorizado según como están actualmente. Esto por las posibles futuras manifestaciones de crisis de pánico, estrés postraumático, entre otras.
a pandemia que estamos vivenciando forçou mudanças sociais, que podem influenciar na saúde mental. O objetivo do estudo é determinar a prevalência e associações de ansiedade, depressão e estresse em estudantes universitários peruanos durante a pandemia de covid-19. Materiais e métodos:estudo transversal analítico e multicêntrico, com 2572 estudantes universitários provenientes de 16 cidades do Peru. Os diagnósticos de depressão, ansiedade e estresse foram obtidos com a escala dass-21 (Alpha para estresse: 0,85; Alpha para ansiedade: 0,84 e Alpha para depressão: 0,87), estes foram cruza-dos com importantes variáveis socioeducativas. Resultados: a ansiedade foi a patologia mais frequente (4 % em sua forma extremamente grave, 3 % forma grave e 10 % forma moderada); estresse e depressão não foram associados à carreira profissional (p > 0,330 e p > 0,440, respectivamente); por outro lado, a ansiedade foi menor nos estudantes da carreira da saúde (p = 0,011). As mulheres apresentaram mais estresse (p = 0,040) e ansiedade (p = 0,017); quanto maior a idade houve menos estresse (p = 0,002), depressão (p = 0,006) e ansiedade (p = 0,044). Estudantes do 3º ano apresentaram mais depressão em comparação aos do 1º ano (p = 0,011). Conclusões: existem prevalências e associações importantes entre as três patologias avaliadas, que devem ser monitoradas de acordo com a forma como se encontram atualmente. Isso se deve às possíveis manifestações futuras de ataques de pânico, estresse pós-traumá-tico, entre outras complicações.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anxiety , Panic , Social Change , Students , Universities , Mental Health , Depression , Pandemics , COVID-19ABSTRACT
The pandemic has brought about social changes, which may have affected mental health.The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of and associations between anxiety, depression, and stress among Peruvian university students during the covid-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: This was an analytical, multi-centered, cross-sectional study conducted with 2,572 university students from 16 Peruvian cities. Depression, anxiety, and stress diagnoses were obtained with the dass-21 scale (stress alpha: 0.85; anx-iety alpha: 0.84; and depression alpha: 0.87). The values were crossed with significant social and educational variables. Results: Anxiety was the most common condition (extremely severe in 4 %, severe in 3 %, and mod-erate in 10 %). Whereas stress and depression were not associated with the course of studies (p > 0.330 and p > 0.440, respectively), anxiety was lower among students pursuing health-related degrees (p = 0.011). Women showed higher levels of stress (p = 0.040) and anxiety (p = 0.017). Older participants had relatively lower stress (p = 0.002), depression (p = 0.006), and anxiety (p = 0.044) levels. Third-year students had higher depression levels than first-year students (p = 0.011). Conclusions: Significant prevalence levels and associations were identified for the three conditions, which should be monitored to determine their current status, given the possible future occurrence of panic attacks or post-traumatic stress, among other complications.
la pandemia vivida obligó a cambios sociales que pudieron influir en la salud mental. El objetivo fue determinar la prevalencia y asociaciones de ansiedad, depresión y estrés en estudiantes universitarios peruanos durante la pandemia por covid-19. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal analítico y multicéntrico, en 2572 estudiantes universitarios de 16 ciudades de Perú. Los diagnósticos de depresión, ansiedad y estrés se obtuvieron con la escala dass-21 (alfa estrés: 0.85; alfa ansiedad: 0.84 y alfa depresión: 0.87). A estos se los cruzó con importantes variables socioeducativas. Resultados: la ansiedad fue la patología más frecuente (4 % de forma extrema severa, 3 % de forma severa y 10 % de forma mode-rada); el estrés y la depresión no tienen asociación con la carrera profesional (p > 0.330 y p > 0.440, res-pectivamente); en cambio, la ansiedad fue menor en los estudiantes de carreras de salud (p = 0.011). Las mujeres tuvieron más estrés (p = 0.040) y ansiedad (p = 0.017). A mayor edad, hubo menos estrés (p = 0.002), depresión (p = 0.006) y ansiedad (p = 0.044). Los de tercer año tuvieron más depresión en comparación con los de primer año (p = 0.011). Conclusiones: existen importantes prevalencias y asociaciones de las tres patologías evaluadas, lo que debe ser monitorizado según como están actualmente. Esto por las posibles futuras manifestaciones de crisis de pánico, estrés postraumático, entre otras.
a pandemia que estamos vivenciando forçou mudanças sociais, que podem influenciar na saúde mental. O objetivo do estudo é determinar a prevalência e associações de ansiedade, depressão e estresse em estudantes universitários peruanos durante a pandemia de covid-19. Materiais e métodos:estudo transversal analítico e multicêntrico, com 2572 estudantes universitários provenientes de 16 cidades do Peru. Os diagnósticos de depressão, ansiedade e estresse foram obtidos com a escala dass-21 (Alpha para estresse: 0,85; Alpha para ansiedade: 0,84 e Alpha para depressão: 0,87), estes foram cruza-dos com importantes variáveis socioeducativas. Resultados: a ansiedade foi a patologia mais frequente (4 % em sua forma extremamente grave, 3 % forma grave e 10 % forma moderada); estresse e depressão não foram associados à carreira profissional (p > 0,330 e p > 0,440, respectivamente); por outro lado, a ansiedade foi menor nos estudantes da carreira da saúde (p = 0,011). As mulheres apresentaram mais estresse (p = 0,040) e ansiedade (p = 0,017); quanto maior a idade houve menos estresse (p = 0,002), depressão (p = 0,006) e ansiedade (p = 0,044). Estudantes do 3º ano apresentaram mais depressão em comparação aos do 1º ano (p = 0,011). Conclusões: existem prevalências e associações importantes entre as três patologias avaliadas, que devem ser monitoradas de acordo com a forma como se encontram atualmente. Isso se deve às possíveis manifestações futuras de ataques de pânico, estresse pós-traumá-tico, entre outras complicações.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anxiety , Panic , Social Change , Students , Universities , Mental Health , Depression , Pandemics , COVID-19ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the perception of possible infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and associated complications according to the labor sector in Peru. Methods: We performed an observational, cross sectional, and secondary data analysis. The study had three dependent variables that were obtained from a locally validated questionnaire, in which it is asked whether the professionals had the perception that they could be infected with SARS-CoV-2 at work, or could transmit the virus to their family/friends, and regarding the possibility of complications related to the infection. Results: Of the 2843 workers participating in the study, those in the health sector perceived that they were more likely to be infected at work. In the multivariate analysis, adjusted for four variables, health sector workers also perceived that they could be infected more frequently at work (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 1.74;95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40-2.15;p <0.001). These professionals, moreover, perceived that they could transmit the virus to their family/friends (aPR: 0.76;95% CI: 0.63-0.92;p = 0.005) or that there would be complications resulting from the infection (aPR: 0.59;95% CI: 0.48-0.73;p <0.001). On the other hand, engineering sector workers were the ones who had a greater perception that they could infect their family/friends (aPR: 1.95;95% CI: 1.20- 3.20;p = 0.007), while workers from other sectors perceived that they could have more chances of complications from the infection (aPR: 1.17;95% CI: 1.05-1.30;p = 0.006). Conclusion: The health sector may be the most vulnerable in this context, which is why occupational health teams should develop and implement specific surveillance plans to prevent and reduce the number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases among healthcare workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Electronic Journal of General Medicine is the property of Modestum Publications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
ABSTRACT
El coronavirus ha generado la última pandemia, por lo que, el conocer a esta enfermedad es importante en todas las poblaciones. Para eso se validó una escala breve para la medición de los conocimientos básicos acerca del Coronavirus (KNOW-P-COVID-19). Primero realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica, luego se sistematizó y obtuvo los aspectos más importantes, luego una validación del constructo con expertos, posteriormente el análisis factorial exploratorio y se aplicó la encuesta a un gran grupo poblacional peruano. Todos los ítems recibieron una evaluación favorable de los expertos (V de Aiken >0,70);todos los valores del límite inferior (Li) del IC 95% son apropiados (Li >0,59) y todos los valores del coeficiente V fueron estadísticamente significativos. En el Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE), el Coeficiente de KMO = 0,690 y el valor p del chi cuadrado <0,001;el índice GFI (Goodness of Fit Index) = 0,992;el CFI (Comparative Fit Index) = 0,916 y el indicador RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation) = 0,034. La escala final se quedó con 9 indicadores, con dos factores: "indicaciones o acciones post infección"y "los síntomas y conocimiento previos". Se validó una escala del conocimiento básico en la enfermedad causada por COVID-19 The coronavirus has generated the last pandemic, therefore, knowing this disease is important in all populations. For this, a short scale was validated to measure basic knowledge about Coronavirus (KNOW-P-COVID-19). First, it carried out a bibliographic search, then it was systematized and obtained the most important aspects, then a validation of the construct with experts, then exploratory factor analysis and the survey was applied to a large Peruvian population group. All items received a favorable evaluation from the experts (Aiken's V>0.70);all the lower limit values (Li) of the 95% CI are appropriate (Li>0.59) and all the values of the V coefficient were statistically significant. In the Exploratory Factor Analysis (AFE), the KMO Coefficient = 0.690 and the p value of the chi square <0.001;the GFI index (Goodness of Fit Index) = 0.992;the CFI (Comparative Fit Index) = 0.916 and the RMSEA indicator (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation) = 0.034. The final scale was left with 9 indicators, with two factors: "indications or actions post infection"and "the previous symptoms and knowledge". A basic knowledge scale in the disease caused by COVID-19 was validated